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Year 2023

JDBC architecture and drivers

JDBC (Java Database Connectivity) is a Java API that provides a standard way for Java applications to interact with relational databases. Also, It allows developers to execute SQL queries, retrieve and update data, and manage database connections. JDBC Architecture: The…

Introduction to databases and SQL

Introduction to Databases: A database is a structured collection of data that is organized and stored in a way that allows efficient retrieval, management, and manipulation of the data. Databases are used to store and manage large volumes of information,…

URL handling and HTTP connections

In Java, you can handle URLs and establish HTTP connections using the java.net package, specifically the URL and HttpURLConnection classes. Here’s an example of how you can work with URLs and establish an HTTP connection: In this example, we create…

Socket programming

Socket programming in Java allows you to establish network communication between two computers over the Internet or a local network. It enables applications to send and receive data through network sockets, which are endpoints for communication. Here’s a basic example…

File input/output operations

File input/output operations in Java involve reading from and writing to files on the system. The java.io package provides classes and methods to perform file operations. Here’s an overview of the basic file input/output operations in Java: Example: Example: Remember…

Streams and readers/writers

In Java, streams and readers/writers are classes and interfaces that provide convenient abstractions for reading and writing data from/to different sources. They are part of the Java I/O (Input/Output) API and are widely used for handling input/output operations in Java…

Thread communication and coordination

In Java, thread communication and coordination can be achieved through various mechanisms. The most common ones include: These are just a few examples of thread communication and coordination mechanisms in Java. The choice of mechanism depends on the specific requirements…

Thread safety and atomic operations

Thread safety refers to the property of a program or system where multiple threads can safely access shared resources or variables without causing any data inconsistency or race conditions. In Java, thread safety can be achieved through various mechanisms, and…

Synchronization and locks

In Java, synchronization and locks are mechanisms used to ensure thread safety and prevent concurrent access to shared resources. They help in controlling the execution order of threads and avoiding race conditions. a) Synchronized methods: b) Synchronized blocks: a) ReentrantLock:…

Creating and managing threads

In Java, you can create and manage threads using the Thread class or the Runnable interface. Here’s an overview of how to create and manage threads in Java: Example: Example: Both approaches have their benefits. Extending the Thread class is…